![]() ![]() ![]() On 28 June 1914, the assassination of his nephew and heir-presumptive, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in Sarajevo resulted in Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against the Kingdom of Serbia, which was an ally of the Russian Empire. The Bosnian Crisis was a result of Franz Joseph's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, which had been occupied by his troops since the Congress of Berlin (1878). He ruled peacefully for the next 45 years, but personally suffered the tragedies of the execution of his brother, the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico in 1867, the suicide of his only son and heir-apparent, Crown Prince Rudolf, in 1889, the assassination of his wife, Empress Elisabeth ("Sisi"), in 1898, and the assassination of his nephew and heir-presumptive, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, in 1914.Īfter the Austro-Prussian War, Austria-Hungary turned its attention to the Balkans, which was a hotspot of international tension because of conflicting interests with the Russian Empire. He concluded the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which granted greater autonomy to Hungary and transformed the Austrian Empire into the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. įranz Joseph was troubled by nationalism during his entire reign. Although Franz Joseph ceded no territory to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Austrian defeat in the Austro-Prussian War, the Peace of Prague (23 August 1866) settled the German Question in favour of Prussia, which prevented the Unification of Germany from occurring under the House of Habsburg. The Austrian Empire was forced to cede its influence over Tuscany and most of its claim to Lombardy–Venetia to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, following the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859 and the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866. Largely considered to be a reactionary, Franz Joseph spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains. This allowed Ferdinand's nephew Franz Joseph to accede to the throne. In October 1918, the personal union between Austria and Hungary was dissolved.In December 1848, Emperor Ferdinand abdicated the throne at Olomouc, as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary. Austria-Hungary signed the Armistice of Villa Giusti in Padua on 3 November 1918. In the capital cities of Vienna and Budapest, the Austrian and the Hungarian leftist liberal movements and their leaders supported the separatism of ethnic minorities. Despite successes on the Eastern Front, Germany suffered stalemate and eventual defeat on the more determinant Western Front.īy 1918, the economic situation had deteriorated alarmingly in Austria-Hungary strikes in factories were organized by leftist and pacifist movements, and uprisings in the army had become commonplace. On the Italian front, the Austro-Hungarian army could not make more successful progress against Italy after January 1918. Austria-Hungary withdrew from the defeated countries. The Eastern Front of the so-called Entente Powers allied with Russia completely collapsed. In the east, the Central Powers repelled attacks from the Russian Empire. Károly), sympathized with the pacifists in his realm. In November 1916, Emperor Franz Joseph died the new monarch, Emperor Charles I of Austria (IV. The Central Powers then conquered southern Romania and the Romanian capital of Bucharest. They occupied Serbia, and Romania declared war. Austria-Hungary fought on the side of Germany, Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire-the so-called Central Powers. Austria-Hungary drafted 9 million soldiers in World War I, of which 4 million were from the kingdom of Hungary. ![]() A general war began on 28 July with a declaration of war on Serbia by Austria-Hungary. After the assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914, a series of crises escalated quickly. ![]()
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